定语从句 - 高中英语重点语法。

一、用适当的关系代词填空

1．This is the place ______is worth visiting.

【答案】that

考查定语从句。句意：这是一个值得参观的地方。此处为定语从句修饰先行词place，且先行词在从句中作主语，指地方应用关系代词that引导。故填that。

2．She has a brother _______name I can’t remember.

【答案】whose

考查定语从句。句意：她有一个哥哥，我记不得他的名字了。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是brother，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。

3．The man _________is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

【答案】who

考查定语从句。句意：正在和我爸爸握手的是一个警察。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，关系词代替先行词the man在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词who，故填who。

4．People __________ are against the idea think it is unnecessary to build the dam.

【答案】who

考查定语从句关系代词的用法。句意：反对这个主意的人认为没有必要修建这座大坝。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，关系词代替先行词people在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词who，故填who。

5．Organic farmers also plant diverse crops ________ use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.

【答案】that/which

考查定语从句关系词。句意：有机农场主也种植不同的作物，这些作物利用不同深度的土壤来保持自身长得好。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词diverse crops，在从句中做主语，指物，用that或which引导。故填that/which。

6．The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland, ________ can be found in several parts of the world.

【答案】which

考查定语从句引导词。句意：你可能最熟悉的主题公园是迪斯尼乐园，它可以在世界上好几个地方找到。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Disneyland，指物在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。

7．I lent some money to Earl, __________house was destroyed in the flood.

【答案】whose

考查定语从句。句意：我借了一些钱给Earl，他的家在洪水中被毁了。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Earl，指人，在定语从句中充当house的定语，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。

8．The classroom，__________door is broken， will soon be repaired.

【答案】whose

考查定语从句的关系代词的用法。句意：这间教室很快就会被修理，它的门是坏的。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词classroom在从句中充当door的定语，应用关系代词whose，故填whose。

9．I’m fond of Xiao Du who is a robot_____________I can talk at any time.

【答案】with whom

考查定语从句。句意：我很喜欢小杜，他是一个机器人，我可以随时和他说话。分析句子结构，设空处引导定语从句，修饰名词robot，从句中talk with sb.为固定短语，意为“与某人谈话”。with后面缺少宾语，此处将with提前，需用关系代词whom引导。故填with whom

10．Victims thank those _________ helped them rebuild after an earthquake in 2013.

句意：受害者们感谢这些在2013地震之后帮助他们重建家园的人。分析句子可知先行词为those指人，引导词在从句中做主语，要用who引导这个定语从句。故填who。

11．The tourist wanted to book a room_________ window faces south.

句意：游客想要预定一个窗子朝南的房间。先行词为a room,引导词在从句中作定语修饰window，要用whose引导这个定语从句。故填whose。

12．This is the best way_________ has been used against pollution.

句意：这是用来对付污染的最好方法。先行词为way指物且由最高级best修饰，引导词在从句中做主语，要用that引导这个定语从句。故填that。

13．Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office.

句意：吉米通过了驾照考试，让办公室的所有人都感到惊讶。空格处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子。引导词在从句中做主语，要用which引导这个定语从句。故填which。

14．The reason_________ I got a job was that I worked hard.

句意：我找到工作的原因就是我工作很努力。先行词为the reason,引导词代替先行词在从句中做原因状语，要用why引导这个定语从句。故填why。

15．He put aside his work to spend more time with his son, ________ just returned from abroad.

考查定语从句关系代词。句意：他把工作放到一边，花更多时间陪陪刚从国外回来的儿子。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词his son在从句充当主语，应用指代人的关系代词that/who，又非限中不能使用that，故填who。

16．I would like to express my thanks in a way ______ he could never imagine.

考查定语从句关系代词。句意：我想用他绝不会想象得到的方式来表达我的感谢。分析句子可知先行词way在从句中充当imagine的宾语，应用指代物的关系代词，故填that/which。

17．The novel coronavirus has had such a deep effect on our life ______ is totally beyond expectation.

考查定语从句关系代词。句意：新型冠状病毒对我们的生活影响如此之深，这完全出乎意料的。分析句子可知，此处定语从句关系词，先行词effect被such修饰，且在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词as，故填as。

18．Lora is the very teacher I like most, with ______ help I have made progress in my study.

考查定语从句关系代词。句意：劳拉就是我最喜欢的老师，在她的帮助下我在学习上取得了进步。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词Lora在从句中充当help的定语，应用关系代词whose，故填whose。

19．People are required to wear masks in public places, ______ is helpful for fight against the pandemic(疫情).

考查定语从句关系代词。句意：人们被要求在公众场合带上口罩，这对对抗疫情是有帮助的。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是前面的整个句子，它在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。

20．Do you know the place __________ he borrowed the book?

句意：你知道他借书的地方吗？分析句子，he borrowed the book做定语从句修饰先行词the place，而从句中缺乏地点状语，故用关系副词where。

21．He talked about the teachers and schools ________ he had visited.

句意：他讨论了他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。分析句子，he had visited做定语从句修饰先行词the teachers and schools，而从句中缺乏宾语，又因为先行词中就有人，又有物，故用关系代词that。

22．Some of the roads were flooded, ________ made our journey more difficult.

句意：一些道路被洪水淹没了，这让我们的行程更艰难了。分析句子，made our journey more difficult.为非限制性定语从句补充说明前面这个主句，而从句中缺乏主语，故用关系关系代词which。

23．The novel ________ you’re interested was written by Mark Twain.

句意：你感兴趣的那本小说的作者是马克吐温。分析句子，you’re interested做定语从句修饰先行词the novel，而从句中为短语be interested in ，故用介词+关系代词in which。

24．_________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.

句意：通常是这样，我们已经制定出生产计划。分析句子，此处为固定结构as is often the case通常是这样，as引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面这个主句。

25．Hangzhou is a beautiful city, ________is often called the Heaven of the Earth.

句意：杭州是个美丽的城市，因而被叫做地上天堂。分析句子，is often called the Heaven of the Earth.做非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the city，而从句中缺乏主语，故用关系代词which。

26．Yesterday I met an old friend, ___________had a gift of music when he was young.

句意：昨天我偶遇一个老朋友，他年轻时候很有音乐天赋。分析句子，had a gift of music when he was young.做非限制性定语从句修饰先行词an old friend，而从句中缺乏主语，故用关系代词who。

27．I will never forget those three years, during____________ time I learned a lot about life.

句意：我将永远不会忘记这三年，在这三年里我对人生有了更多的感悟。分析句子，during____________ time I learned a lot about life做非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the three years，而从句中修饰time，故用关系代词which。

28．__________ is reported, Chinese team won the final.

句意：正如报道那样，中国队在决赛中获胜了。分析句子，is reported作非限制性定语从句补充说明主句，而本句主句在后，从句在前，因此只能用关系代词as。

29．I bought all the food in the shop, much of_______________ was given out to the poor.

句意：我买了商店里所有的食物，把它们分给了穷人们。分析句子，much of_______________ was given out to the poor作非限制性定语从句修饰先行词food，在从句中of后接名词，故用关系代词which。

30．I never forget this summer vacation, ___________I spent the happy days with my friends.

句意：我永远不会忘记这个暑假，我和朋友们在这个暑假里玩的很开心。分析句子，I spent the happy days with my friends作非限制性定语从句修饰先行词this summer vacation，而从句中缺乏时间状语，故用关系副词when。

31．He is talking about the great woman, _________films have been on in many cities.

句意：他正谈论一位伟大的女性，这位女性拍的电影在很多城市上映过。分析句子，films have been on in many cities.作非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the great woman，从句中缺乏修饰films的定语，故用关系代词whose，相当于of whom。

32．I have many collections of stamps, some of ____________ are my favorite.

【答案】which

考查定语从句。句意：我有很多邮票，它们中一些是我的最爱。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词stamps在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。

33．The last one ___________ leaves the classroom should close the windows.

【答案】who

考查定语从句。句意：最后一个离开教室的人应该关窗户。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，关系词代替先行词one在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词who，故填who。

34．Do you know Mr. Smith _________story is very moving?

【答案】whose

考查定语从句。句意：你认识那个故事非常感人的史密斯先生吗？分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，关系词代替先行词Mr. Smith在从句中充当story的定语，应用关系代词whose，故填whose。

二、定语从句对比练习

35．a. This is the house ________ I lived last year.

b. This is the house ________ I bought last year.

36．a. I think Beijing is the most beautiful city, ________ has a population of over 20, 000, 000.

b. Beijing is the most beautiful city ________ I have ever visited.

c. I think Beijing is the most beautiful city, ________ I spent my last summer holiday.

37．a. I'll spend my holiday in Shanghai, ________ lives my uncle.

b. I'll spend my holiday in Shanghai, ________ lies on the coast.

38．a. This is the very room ________ I slept in that evening.

b. This is the very room ________ I slept that evening.

39． a. I will remember the days ________ I spent with you at college.

b. I will remember the days ________ I studied with you at college.

40．a. That is the reason ________ he didn't go to college.

b. That is the reason ________ he told me yesterday.

【答案】

35． where that/which或不填

36． which that where

37． where which

38． that where

39． which/that或不填. when

40． why that/which或不填

35．a.句意：这是我去年住过的房子。定语从句中缺少地点状语，且先行词为house，故用关系副词where。

b. 句意：这是我去年买的房子。先行词为house，定语从句中缺少宾语，关系词作宾语可以省略，故用关系代词that/which或不填。

36．a.句意：我认为北京是最美的城市，人口有两千多万。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Beijing, 且从句中缺主语，故用关系代词which。

b. 句意：北京是我所游览过的最美的城市。空处引导定语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，又因为先行词city被形容词的最高级修饰，故用关系代词that。

c. 句意：我认为北京是最美的城市，我去年在那里度过了暑假。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Beijing,且从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。

37．a.句意：我将去上海度假，我叔叔住在上海。此定语从句是一个倒装句，my uncle在定语从句中作主语，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。

b .句意：我将去位于海边的上海度假。空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为Shanghai,引导词从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。

38．a.句意：这就是我那天晚上睡过的房间。先行词被 the very修饰，关系词指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，故用关系代词that。

b. 句意：这就是我那晚睡过的房间。空处引导定语从句，先行词为room，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。

39．a. 句意：我会记得我与你在大学度过的日子。先行词是the days，且定语从句中缺少宾语，关系词作宾语可以省略，故用关系代词which/that或不填。

b. 句意：我会记得我与你在大学一起学习的日子。先行词是the days，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用关系副词when。

40．a.句意：那就是他没有上大学的原因。先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少原因状语，故用关系副词why。

b. 句意：那就是他昨天告诉我的原因。先行词为reason，且定语从句中缺少宾语，关系词作宾语可以省略，故用关系代词which/that或不填。

三、句型转换

41．当我们到达那儿，我们都对美丽的枫叶感到惊讶。美景让人流连忘返。

普通表达：When we got there, we were amazed at the beautiful maple leaves. The beautiful scenery made us not want to leave.

高级表达：

______________________________________________________________ (用定语从句改写句子)

【答案】When we got there, we were amazed at the beautiful maple leaves, which made us not want to leave.

考查定语从句。结合原文，分析句子可知，“The beautiful scenery made us not want to leave.”可处理成非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the beautiful maple leaves，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用which引导。故答案是When we got there, we were amazed at the beautiful maple leaves, which made us not want to leave.

42．The temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.(用定语从句改写句子)

The time____ the temple____was during the Qin Dynasty.

【答案】when was first built

考查定语从句。句意：这座寺庙最早建于秦朝。根据题目要求可知，第一空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是the time，指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以空处需用关系副词when引导时间状语从句，依据原句可知，第二空处与原句保持一致，需用was first built。故填when；was first built。

43．Today, we will discuss a number of cases. Beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (用定语从句改写成一个句子)

【答案】Today, we will discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly

考查定语从句。句意：今天，我们将讨论一些初学者不能正确使用英语的情况。本句的主语是we，谓语部分是will discuss，宾语是a number of cases，从句修饰名词cases（抽象地点），关系词指代先行词cases并在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句，从句部分是where beginners of English fail to use the language properly。故改写成Today, we will discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly。

44．Do you remember the days? We played together during the days. (用定语从句改写成一个句子)

【答案】Do you remember the days during which we played together？或者
Do you remember the days when we played together？

考查定语从句。句意：你还记得我们一起玩耍的日子吗? 分析两个句子可知，两句中重复的名词是days，因此，定语从句的先行词是 days，x先行词在定语从句中作宾语或者时间状语。从句应该用介词加关系代词 during which或者 关系副词 when引导，during which或者when在从句中作时间状语。故填：
Do you remember the days during which we played together？或者
Do you remember the days when we played together？

45．The house has been pulled down. He lived in the house 10 years ago. (用定语从句改写成一个句子)

【答案】The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down

考查定语从句。原句两句话重复的部分是the house，所以the house做先行词，定语从句修饰the house， 先行词在从句中做地点状语，关系词用where，主句主语是the house, 谓语动词是has been pulled down，从句部分是where he lived 10 years ago。故改写成The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down。

四、汉译英（整句）

46．他拒绝为他的错误道歉，这令我很失望。(用非限制性定语从句翻译句子)

【答案】He refused to apologize/apologise for his mistake, which made me very disappointed.

考查动词短语及非限制性定语从句。表示“拒绝”应用动词短语refuse to do sth.；表示“为他的错误道歉”短语为apologize/apologise for his mistake；表示“令某人失望”短语为make sb. disappointed，根据句意可知，句子应是用一般过去式。此外，应使用which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句。故翻译为He refused to apologize/apologise for his mistake, which made me very disappointed.

47．昨天雨下的很大，阻止了我们参加社团活动。（用非限定性定语从句翻译）

【答案】It rained heavily yesterday, which prevented us from participating in association activity.

考查非限制性定语从句。根据汉语提示和要求可知，可将“昨天雨下的很大”作为主句，“阻止了我们参加社团活动”作为定语从句；结合语境可知本句用一般过去时；“昨天雨下的很大”表达为It rained heavily yesterday；先行词为前面整个句子，故用关系代词which，在从句中作主语；“阻止某人做某事”表达为prevent sb. from doing sth.，为从句谓语动词。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：It rained heavily yesterday, which prevented us from participating in association activity.

48．他住在一栋新建的房子里，房子的大门朝着大海。(face，用非限制性定语从句翻译) (汉译英)

【答案】He lives in a newly-built house, whose door faces the sea.

考查定语从句和动词时态。根据汉语意思表示“住在”短语为live in；“面朝大海”翻译为face the sea；本句为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词house，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。结合语境陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主句主语为he，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，从句主语为door，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。故翻译为He lives in a newly-built house, whose door faces the sea.

49．我们喜欢这位坦率的专家的说话方式。（the way+定语从句）

We like ________________________________________________________.

【答案】the way(in which/that)this outspoken specialist speaks

考查the way后跟定语从句的用法。当先行词是way，且关系词在从句中作状语时，应用in which或that引导定语从句，in which或that也可省略，故填the way(in which/that) this outspoken specialist speaks。

【点睛】

in which引导the way后的定语从句作方式状语时，in which可以用that代替或省略引导词，需要注意的是此时的that并非是代词性的that指代先行词的常规用法，而是副词作方式状语，相当于in which。

50．她在会议上得奖了，这是经常的事。（as引导定语从句）

【答案】She won an award in the meeting, as is often the case.

结合句意可知，“as is often the case”是固定表达，意为“这是常有的事”，其中as引导非限制性定语从句，as指代“她在会议上得奖”这件事，且在从句中做主语，故译成She won an award in the meeting, as is often the case.

来源：由沃德英语编排整理，贵在分享，版权归原作者原出处所有。

未经允许不得转载： 考研资料网 » 英语考研语法(英语考研语法听谁的课)